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"""
RecycleView
===========
.. versionadded:: 1.10.0
The RecycleView provides a flexible model for viewing selected sections of
large data sets. It aims to prevent the performance degradation that can occur
when generating large numbers of widgets in order to display many data items.
.. warning::
Because :class:`RecycleView` reuses widgets, any state change to a single
widget will stay with that widget as it's reused, even if the
:attr:`~RecycleView.data` assigned to it by the :class:`RecycleView`
changes. Unless the complete state is tracked in :attr:`~RecycleView.data`
(see below).
The view is generatad by processing the :attr:`~RecycleView.data`, essentially
a list of dicts, and uses these dicts to generate instances of the
:attr:`~RecycleView.viewclass` as required. Its design is based on the
MVC (`Model-view-controller
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model%E2%80%93view%E2%80%93controller>`_)
pattern.
* Model: The model is formed by :attr:`~RecycleView.data` you pass in via a
list of dicts.
* View: The View is split across layout and views and implemented using
adapters.
* Controller: The controller determines the logical interaction and is
implemented by :class:`RecycleViewBehavior`.
These are abstract classes and cannot be used directly. The default concrete
implementations are the
:class:`~kivy.uix.recycleview.datamodel.RecycleDataModel` for the model, the
:class:`~kivy.uix.recyclelayout.RecycleLayout` for the view, and the
:class:`RecycleView` for the controller.
When a RecycleView is instantiated, it automatically creates the views and data
classes. However, one must manually create the layout classes and add them to
the RecycleView.
A layout manager is automatically created as a
:attr:`~RecycleViewBehavior.layout_manager` when added as the child of the
RecycleView. Similarly when removed. A requirement is that the layout manager
must be contained as a child somewhere within the RecycleView's widget tree so
the view port can be found.
A minimal example might look something like this::
from kivy.app import App
from kivy.lang import Builder
from kivy.uix.recycleview import RecycleView
Builder.load_string('''
<RV>:
viewclass: 'Label'
RecycleBoxLayout:
default_size: None, dp(56)
default_size_hint: 1, None
size_hint_y: None
height: self.minimum_height
orientation: 'vertical'
''')
class RV(RecycleView):
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
super(RV, self).__init__(**kwargs)
self.data = [{'text': str(x)} for x in range(100)]
class TestApp(App):
def build(self):
return RV()
if __name__ == '__main__':
TestApp().run()
In order to support selection in the view, you can add the required behaviours
as follows::
from kivy.app import App
from kivy.lang import Builder
from kivy.uix.recycleview import RecycleView
from kivy.uix.recycleview.views import RecycleDataViewBehavior
from kivy.uix.label import Label
from kivy.properties import BooleanProperty
from kivy.uix.recycleboxlayout import RecycleBoxLayout
from kivy.uix.behaviors import FocusBehavior
from kivy.uix.recycleview.layout import LayoutSelectionBehavior
Builder.load_string('''
<SelectableLabel>:
# Draw a background to indicate selection
canvas.before:
Color:
rgba: (.0, 0.9, .1, .3) if self.selected else (0, 0, 0, 1)
Rectangle:
pos: self.pos
size: self.size
<RV>:
viewclass: 'SelectableLabel'
SelectableRecycleBoxLayout:
default_size: None, dp(56)
default_size_hint: 1, None
size_hint_y: None
height: self.minimum_height
orientation: 'vertical'
multiselect: True
touch_multiselect: True
''')
class SelectableRecycleBoxLayout(FocusBehavior, LayoutSelectionBehavior,
RecycleBoxLayout):
''' Adds selection and focus behaviour to the view. '''
class SelectableLabel(RecycleDataViewBehavior, Label):
''' Add selection support to the Label '''
index = None
selected = BooleanProperty(False)
selectable = BooleanProperty(True)
def refresh_view_attrs(self, rv, index, data):
''' Catch and handle the view changes '''
self.index = index
return super(SelectableLabel, self).refresh_view_attrs(
rv, index, data)
def on_touch_down(self, touch):
''' Add selection on touch down '''
if super(SelectableLabel, self).on_touch_down(touch):
return True
if self.collide_point(*touch.pos) and self.selectable:
return self.parent.select_with_touch(self.index, touch)
def apply_selection(self, rv, index, is_selected):
''' Respond to the selection of items in the view. '''
self.selected = is_selected
if is_selected:
print("selection changed to {0}".format(rv.data[index]))
else:
print("selection removed for {0}".format(rv.data[index]))
class RV(RecycleView):
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
super(RV, self).__init__(**kwargs)
self.data = [{'text': str(x)} for x in range(100)]
class TestApp(App):
def build(self):
return RV()
if __name__ == '__main__':
TestApp().run()
Please see the `examples/widgets/recycleview/basic_data.py` file for a more
complete example.
Viewclass State
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Because the viewclass widgets are reused or instantiated as needed by the
:class:`RecycleView`, the order and content of the widgets are mutable. So any
state change to a single widget will stay with that widget, even when the data
assigned to it from the :attr:`~RecycleView.data` dict changes, unless
:attr:`~RecycleView.data` tracks those changes or they are manually refreshed
when re-used.
There are two methods for managing state changes in viewclass widgets:
1. Store state in the RecycleView.data Model
2. Generate state changes on-the-fly by catching :attr:`~RecycleView.data`
updates and manually refreshing.
An example::
from kivy.app import App
from kivy.lang import Builder
from kivy.uix.boxlayout import BoxLayout
from kivy.uix.recycleview import RecycleView
from kivy.uix.recycleview.views import RecycleDataViewBehavior
from kivy.properties import BooleanProperty, StringProperty
Builder.load_string('''
<StatefulLabel>:
active: stored_state.active
CheckBox:
id: stored_state
active: root.active
on_release: root.store_checkbox_state()
Label:
text: root.text
Label:
id: generate_state
text: root.generated_state_text
<RV>:
viewclass: 'StatefulLabel'
RecycleBoxLayout:
size_hint_y: None
height: self.minimum_height
orientation: 'vertical'
''')
class StatefulLabel(RecycleDataViewBehavior, BoxLayout):
text = StringProperty()
generated_state_text = StringProperty()
active = BooleanProperty()
index = 0
'''
To change a viewclass' state as the data assigned to it changes,
overload the refresh_view_attrs function (inherited from
RecycleDataViewBehavior)
'''
def refresh_view_attrs(self, rv, index, data):
self.index = index
if data['text'] == '0':
self.generated_state_text = "is zero"
elif int(data['text']) % 2 == 1:
self.generated_state_text = "is odd"
else:
self.generated_state_text = "is even"
super(StatefulLabel, self).refresh_view_attrs(rv, index, data)
'''
To keep state changes in the viewclass with associated data,
they can be explicitly stored in the RecycleView's data object
'''
def store_checkbox_state(self):
rv = App.get_running_app().rv
rv.data[self.index]['active'] = self.active
class RV(RecycleView, App):
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
super(RV, self).__init__(**kwargs)
self.data = [{'text': str(x), 'active': False} for x in range(10)]
App.get_running_app().rv = self
def build(self):
return self
if __name__ == '__main__':
RV().run()
TODO:
- Method to clear cached class instances.
- Test when views cannot be found (e.g. viewclass is None).
- Fix selection goto.
.. warning::
When views are re-used they may not trigger if the data remains the same.
"""
__all__ = ('RecycleViewBehavior', 'RecycleView')
from copy import deepcopy
from kivy.uix.scrollview import ScrollView
from kivy.properties import AliasProperty
from kivy.clock import Clock
from kivy.uix.recycleview.layout import RecycleLayoutManagerBehavior, \
LayoutChangeException
from kivy.uix.recycleview.views import RecycleDataAdapter
from kivy.uix.recycleview.datamodel import RecycleDataModelBehavior, \
RecycleDataModel
class RecycleViewBehavior(object):
"""RecycleViewBehavior provides a behavioral model upon which the
:class:`RecycleView` is built. Together, they offer an extensible and
flexible way to produce views with limited windows over large data sets.
See the module documentation for more information.
"""
# internals
_view_adapter = None
_data_model = None
_layout_manager = None
_refresh_flags = {'data': [], 'layout': [], 'viewport': False}
_refresh_trigger = None
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
self._refresh_trigger = Clock.create_trigger(self.refresh_views, -1)
self._refresh_flags = deepcopy(self._refresh_flags)
super(RecycleViewBehavior, self).__init__(**kwargs)
def get_viewport(self):
pass
def save_viewport(self):
pass
def restore_viewport(self):
pass
def refresh_views(self, *largs):
lm = self.layout_manager
flags = self._refresh_flags
if lm is None or self.view_adapter is None or self.data_model is None:
return
data = self.data
f = flags['data']
if f:
self.save_viewport()
# lm.clear_layout()
flags['data'] = []
flags['layout'] = [{}]
lm.compute_sizes_from_data(data, f)
while flags['layout']:
# if `data` we were re-triggered so finish in the next call.
# Otherwise go until fully laid out.
self.save_viewport()
if flags['data']:
return
flags['viewport'] = True
f = flags['layout']
flags['layout'] = []
try:
lm.compute_layout(data, f)
except LayoutChangeException:
flags['layout'].append({})
continue
if flags['data']: # in case that happened meanwhile
return
# make sure if we were re-triggered in the loop that we won't be
# called needlessly later.
self._refresh_trigger.cancel()
self.restore_viewport()
if flags['viewport']:
# TODO: make this also listen to LayoutChangeException
flags['viewport'] = False
viewport = self.get_viewport()
indices = lm.compute_visible_views(data, viewport)
lm.set_visible_views(indices, data, viewport)
def refresh_from_data(self, *largs, **kwargs):
"""
This should be called when data changes. Data changes typically
indicate that everything should be recomputed since the source data
changed.
This method is automatically bound to the
:attr:`~RecycleDataModelBehavior.on_data_changed` method of the
:class:`~RecycleDataModelBehavior` class and
therefore responds to and accepts the keyword arguments of that event.
It can be called manually to trigger an update.
"""
self._refresh_flags['data'].append(kwargs)
self._refresh_trigger()
def refresh_from_layout(self, *largs, **kwargs):
"""
This should be called when the layout changes or needs to change. It is
typically called when a layout parameter has changed and therefore the
layout needs to be recomputed.
"""
self._refresh_flags['layout'].append(kwargs)
self._refresh_trigger()
def refresh_from_viewport(self, *largs):
"""
This should be called when the viewport changes and the displayed data
must be updated. Neither the data nor the layout will be recomputed.
"""
self._refresh_flags['viewport'] = True
self._refresh_trigger()
def _dispatch_prop_on_source(self, prop_name, *largs):
# Dispatches the prop of this class when the
# view_adapter/layout_manager property changes.
getattr(self.__class__, prop_name).dispatch(self)
def _get_data_model(self):
return self._data_model
def _set_data_model(self, value):
data_model = self._data_model
if value is data_model:
return
if data_model is not None:
self._data_model = None
data_model.detach_recycleview()
if value is None:
return True
if not isinstance(value, RecycleDataModelBehavior):
raise ValueError(
'Expected object based on RecycleDataModelBehavior, got {}'.
format(value.__class__))
self._data_model = value
value.attach_recycleview(self)
self.refresh_from_data()
return True
data_model = AliasProperty(_get_data_model, _set_data_model)
"""
The Data model responsible for maintaining the data set.
data_model is an :class:`~kivy.properties.AliasProperty` that gets and sets
the current data model.
"""
def _get_view_adapter(self):
return self._view_adapter
def _set_view_adapter(self, value):
view_adapter = self._view_adapter
if value is view_adapter:
return
if view_adapter is not None:
self._view_adapter = None
view_adapter.detach_recycleview()
if value is None:
return True
if not isinstance(value, RecycleDataAdapter):
raise ValueError(
'Expected object based on RecycleAdapter, got {}'.
format(value.__class__))
self._view_adapter = value
value.attach_recycleview(self)
self.refresh_from_layout()
return True
view_adapter = AliasProperty(_get_view_adapter, _set_view_adapter)
"""
The adapter responsible for providing views that represent items in a data
set.
view_adapter is an :class:`~kivy.properties.AliasProperty` that gets and
sets the current view adapter.
"""
def _get_layout_manager(self):
return self._layout_manager
def _set_layout_manager(self, value):
lm = self._layout_manager
if value is lm:
return
if lm is not None:
self._layout_manager = None
lm.detach_recycleview()
if value is None:
return True
if not isinstance(value, RecycleLayoutManagerBehavior):
raise ValueError(
'Expected object based on RecycleLayoutManagerBehavior, '
'got {}'.format(value.__class__))
self._layout_manager = value
value.attach_recycleview(self)
self.refresh_from_layout()
return True
layout_manager = AliasProperty(_get_layout_manager, _set_layout_manager)
"""
The Layout manager responsible for positioning views within the
:class:`RecycleView`.
layout_manager is an :class:`~kivy.properties.AliasProperty` that gets
and sets the layout_manger.
"""
class RecycleView(RecycleViewBehavior, ScrollView):
"""
RecycleView is a flexible view for providing a limited window
into a large data set.
See the module documentation for more information.
"""
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
if self.data_model is None:
kwargs.setdefault('data_model', RecycleDataModel())
if self.view_adapter is None:
kwargs.setdefault('view_adapter', RecycleDataAdapter())
super(RecycleView, self).__init__(**kwargs)
fbind = self.fbind
fbind('scroll_x', self.refresh_from_viewport)
fbind('scroll_y', self.refresh_from_viewport)
fbind('size', self.refresh_from_viewport)
self.refresh_from_data()
def _convert_sv_to_lm(self, x, y):
lm = self.layout_manager
tree = [lm]
parent = lm.parent
while parent is not None and parent is not self:
tree.append(parent)
parent = parent.parent
if parent is not self:
raise Exception(
'The layout manager must be a sub child of the recycleview. '
'Could not find {} in the parent tree of {}'.format(self, lm))
for widget in reversed(tree):
x, y = widget.to_local(x, y)
return x, y
def get_viewport(self):
lm = self.layout_manager
lm_w, lm_h = lm.size
w, h = self.size
scroll_y = min(1, max(self.scroll_y, 0))
scroll_x = min(1, max(self.scroll_x, 0))
if lm_h <= h:
bottom = 0
else:
above = (lm_h - h) * scroll_y
bottom = max(0, lm_h - above - h)
bottom = max(0, (lm_h - h) * scroll_y)
left = max(0, (lm_w - w) * scroll_x)
width = min(w, lm_w)
height = min(h, lm_h)
# now convert the sv coordinates into the coordinates of the lm. In
# case there's a relative layout type widget in the parent tree
# between the sv and the lm.
left, bottom = self._convert_sv_to_lm(left, bottom)
return left, bottom, width, height
def save_viewport(self):
pass
def restore_viewport(self):
pass
def add_widget(self, widget, *args, **kwargs):
super(RecycleView, self).add_widget(widget, *args, **kwargs)
if (isinstance(widget, RecycleLayoutManagerBehavior) and
not self.layout_manager):
self.layout_manager = widget
def remove_widget(self, widget, *args, **kwargs):
super(RecycleView, self).remove_widget(widget, *args, **kwargs)
if self.layout_manager == widget:
self.layout_manager = None
# or easier way to use
def _get_data(self):
d = self.data_model
return d and d.data
def _set_data(self, value):
d = self.data_model
if d is not None:
d.data = value
data = AliasProperty(_get_data, _set_data, bind=["data_model"])
"""
The data used by the current view adapter. This is a list of dicts whose
keys map to the corresponding property names of the
:attr:`~RecycleView.viewclass`.
data is an :class:`~kivy.properties.AliasProperty` that gets and sets the
data used to generate the views.
"""
def _get_viewclass(self):
a = self.layout_manager
return a and a.viewclass
def _set_viewclass(self, value):
a = self.layout_manager
if a:
a.viewclass = value
viewclass = AliasProperty(_get_viewclass, _set_viewclass,
bind=["layout_manager"])
"""
The viewclass used by the current layout_manager.
viewclass is an :class:`~kivy.properties.AliasProperty` that gets and sets
the class used to generate the individual items presented in the view.
"""
def _get_key_viewclass(self):
a = self.layout_manager
return a and a.key_viewclass
def _set_key_viewclass(self, value):
a = self.layout_manager
if a:
a.key_viewclass = value
key_viewclass = AliasProperty(_get_key_viewclass, _set_key_viewclass,
bind=["layout_manager"])
"""
key_viewclass is an :class:`~kivy.properties.AliasProperty` that gets and
sets the key viewclass for the current
:attr:`~kivy.uix.recycleview.layout_manager`.
"""